405–406; Marshall, p. 184; St Aubyn, p. 434; Waller, p. 426, Victoria's diary and letters quoted in Longford, p. 425, Hibbert, pp. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. This was the happiest day of my life! Many Tories—by then known also as Conservatives—were opposed to the repeal, but Peel, some Tories (the free-trade oriented liberal conservative "Peelites"), most Whigs and Victoria supported it. [163] John Brown died 10 days after her accident, and to the consternation of her private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown. Queen Victoria led a nation for longer than anyone before her—and it was a reign full of personal scandal, tragedy, and heartache. They got married on Feburary 10, 1840 and In November of that year they welcomed their first child named Victoria. "Everyone likes flattery," he said, "and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel. 321–322; Longford, pp. [142], After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. [22], By 1836, Victoria's maternal uncle Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry her to Prince Albert,[23] the son of his brother Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. 43–49, Longford, pp. The Victoria Cross was introduced in 1856 to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War,[231] and it remains the highest British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand award for bravery. The procession paused for an open-air service of thanksgiving held outside St Paul's Cathedral, throughout which Victoria sat in her open carriage, to avoid her having to climb the steps to enter the building. 10 facts about Queen Victoria. [172] Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. – Famous Kings and Queens throughout history. [136] As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued. 118, 290; St Aubyn, p. 319; Woodham-Smith, p. 412, Hibbert, p. 267; Marshall, p. 152; Woodham-Smith, p. 412, Hibbert, pp. 217–220; Woodham-Smith, pp. Taylor, Miles (2020) "The Bicentenary of Queen Victoria", This page was last edited on 22 May 2021, at 01:18. [141] As a result of the incident, Victoria's popularity recovered further. [60] He was tried for high treason, found not guilty by reason of insanity, committed to an insane asylum indefinitely, and later sent to live in Australia. [221], Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. [97], In early 1855, the government of Lord Aberdeen, who had replaced Derby, fell amidst recriminations over the poor management of British troops in the Crimean War. Queen Victoria of England is one of the most iconic figures of the British monarchy. 1–17; Woodham-Smith, pp. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. A nationwide emblem of morality, she oversaw an interval of great development in the English Empire and experienced the longest reign of any monarch until Queen Elizabeth II surpassed her in 2015. Born: May 24, 1819 at Kensington Palace, London. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. The author describes vividly Queen Victoria who was not perfect, but managed to rule an empire for over 50 years. [25] Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. She thought that, as queen, she could do as she liked, and she quickly had to learn that she couldn't. Short Biography of Queen Victoria (1819 –1901). [174] By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. 77–81; Woodham-Smith, pp. 92, 102, Hibbert, pp. Her early life until the age of 18 was closeted and carefully controlled by her mother and her assistant John Conroy. The Queen hated being pregnant,[63] viewed breast-feeding with disgust,[64] and thought newborn babies were ugly. On her ascendency to the throne, she said: “Since it has pleased Providence to place me in this station, I shall do my utmost to fulfil my duty towards my country; I am very young and perhaps in many, though not in all things, inexperienced, but I am sure that very few have more real good will and more real desire to do what is fit and right than I have.”. "It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another. 108–109; St Aubyn, pp. 216–217; St Aubyn, pp. Victoria continued to praise Albert following his second visit in October 1839. She was born in London to a German princess and an English prince in 1819. 1) Queen Victoria was born on 24 May 1819 in Kensington Palace in London, England. [114] By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. [153] Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. [187], On 23 September 1896, Victoria surpassed her grandfather George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history. 274–276, Longford, pp. 175, 187; St Aubyn, pp. She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901. [16] Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. Disraeli secured for her the title of empress of India. Famous people of the Victorian age (1837 to 1901) The principal figures of the Victorian age and the second half of the industrial revolution. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Queen Victoria, Extract from the Queen’s Journal, Tuesday, 20th June 1837. [227] There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill.[228] It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers. Places named after her include Africa's largest lake, Victoria Falls, the capitals of British Columbia (Victoria) and Saskatchewan (Regina), two Australian states (Victoria and Queensland), and the capital of the island nation of Seychelles. 61–62; Longford, pp. "[30] However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. [199] Her son and successor, King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II, were at her deathbed. Her son and successor Edward VII belonged to her husband's House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. [7] Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. 259–260; Weintraub, pp. born Alexandrina Victoria at Kensington Palace, London, England on May 24 She was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and empress of India (1876-1901). Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe" and spreading haemophilia in European royalty. Plenty of other kings and queens have captivated attention throughout history, but few have done so with the fervor of Queen Victoria, in part because her reign was one of the longest in British history.. Queen Victoria kept diaries from the age of 13. https://www.thoughtco.com/king-edward-vii-biography-4173865 Victoria and Prince Albert had a very close, intimate relationship and she described the intensity of feelings towards her beloved husband. Outside Scotland, the blazon for the shield—also used on the Royal Standard—is: Quarterly: I and IV, Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II, Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III, Azure, a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland). Queen Victoria (born Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901. Victoria was then third in line to the throne after Frederick and William. I received an e-ARC of this book through NetGalley and Random House Publishing. Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. [24] William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. 206–207, 211; St Aubyn, pp. This led to an unfortunate episode. Victoria was devastated. 1846), Louise (b. Queen Victoria embodied the "mother of the Nation" and She was considered a good queen. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. "[27] Alexander, on the other hand, she described as "very plain". 1. [118] Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor". Biography. He was succeeded by King William IV, but in 1837, he also passed away, meaning the crown passed onto Victoria who was aged only 18, and somewhat unprepared for the role. Short Biography of Queen Victoria (1819 –1901) Queen Victoria was born 24 May 1819. He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. She was the only daughter of … 88–89, 102, Hibbert, pp. [92] She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. [93] Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. [87] At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House,[88] a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. 1853) and Beatrice (b. [75] In the next four years, over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine. Outside, the nation erupted into huge public celebration. 34–35, Hibbert, p. 31; St Aubyn, p. 26; Woodham-Smith, p. 81, Hibbert, p. 46; Longford, p. 54; St Aubyn, p. 50; Waller, p. 344; Woodham-Smith, p. 126. 460–461, Marshall, pp. [1], Victoria was christened privately by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Manners-Sutton, on 24 June 1819 in the Cupola Room at Kensington Palace. [148] Disraeli also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876. She fell in love with Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in Germany. After a year, she was won around to the marriage by their promise to remain living with and attending her.[169]. She was always unharmed, but her courageous attitude helped to endear her to the public. 35–39; Woodham-Smith, pp. Her reign had a rocky start. [102] The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than any previous British monarch. 328–331, Hibbert, pp. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism in the United Kingdom temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. 102–103; St Aubyn, pp. 1843), Alfred (b. 63–65, Hibbert, pp. [20] As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. [17] She objected on the grounds of the King's disapproval, but her mother dismissed his complaints as motivated by jealousy and forced Victoria to continue the tours. Hibbert, p. 27; Longford, pp. She celebrated at Lord Kitchener’s victory in the Sudan; she supported British involvement in the Boer War. The assailant escaped; however the following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. [190] One reason for including the prime ministers of the Dominions and excluding foreign heads of state was to avoid having to invite Victoria's grandson, Wilhelm II of Germany, who, it was feared, might cause trouble at the event. 546–548, Hibbert, pp. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [229] Spontaneous mutations account for about a third of cases.[230]. 143–147, Greville quoted in Hibbert, p. 67; Longford, p. 70 and Woodham-Smith, pp. Queen Victoria was successful in portraying a public image of an aloof Queen who embodied the virtues of the British Empire. Her full name was Alexandrina Victoria. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than any previous British monarch. 196–198; St Aubyn, p. 244; Woodham-Smith, pp. “Biography of Queen Victoria”, Oxford, UK. 554–555; St Aubyn, p. 555, Hibbert, pp. She was the granddaughter of George III, and her father, Edward was fourth in line to the throne. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4:15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for Victoria's mother to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. [57] Victoria's mother was evicted from the palace, to Ingestre House in Belgrave Square. [84] She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. 546–548, Hibbert, pp. Parliament and Benjamin Disraeli had to use all their persuasive power to get her to open parliament in 1866 and 1867. Biography. It became known as the steam age, enabling people to easily travel throughout the UK and the World. [99] Napoleon III met the couple at Boulogne and accompanied them to Paris. Julia Baird shocked historians, in 2014, when she revealed new evidence she had uncovered for her Queen Victoria biography: evidence of the queen's relationship with her servant. We know Queen Victoria was devoted to Prince Albert but did she really have an affair with a servant after his death? In the early part of her reign, she became a close friend and confidant of the Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne. Her husband, George VI, became king unexpectedly in 1936 following the abdication of his elder brother, Edward VIII. 363–364; Weintraub, pp. "[108] Almost exactly a year later, the Princess gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Emperor. The eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, little Victoria – or ‘Vicky’, as her family called her – was born 21 November 1840. 43–49; Woodham-Smith, p. 117, Victoria quoted in Marshall, p. 27 and Weintraub, p. 49, Victoria quoted in Hibbert, p. 99; St Aubyn, p. 43; Weintraub, p. 49 and Woodham-Smith, p. 119, Hibbert, p. 102; Marshall, p. 60; Waller, p. 363; Weintraub, p. 51; Woodham-Smith, p. 122, Waller, pp. [51] Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. [121] She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. 426–427; St Aubyn, pp. During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Includes British and European Royalty. William and Edward married on the same day in 1818, but both of William's legitimate daughters died as infants. 249–250; Woodham-Smith, pp. Her full name was Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, and her official title was Victoria Princess Royal. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. [134] In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray. I received a print ARC of this book through the Amazon Vine Voices program. 327–328; Marshall, p. 170, Hibbert, pp. Including Henry VIII, Queen Victoria and Catherine the Great. 51–52; St Aubyn, p. 43; Weintraub, pp. Queen Victoria was only 18 when she came to the throne and she had a lot to learn. [90] Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.[91]. 38–39, 55; Marshall, p. 19, Waller, pp. In 1861, Prince Albert died; the queen's extreme grief led to her seclusion for three years. [120], Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. 101–102, Longford, p. 122; Marshall, p. 57; St Aubyn, p. 104; Woodham-Smith, p. 180, Hibbert, p. 83; Longford, pp. [76] In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen". She ruled through a period of British imperialism with the British Empire expanding and she became Empress of India. Son règne, l'un des plus longs de l'Histoire (il a duré près de 64 ans), a marqué son époque, qui est désormais qualifiée "d'époque victorienne". 421–422; St Aubyn, pp. However, by the end of her reign, her popularity was restored. [42] She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora",[43] because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System. [21] Once queen, she banned him from her presence, but he remained in her mother's household. Queen Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 to until her death on 22 January 1901. He was "the dearest of my dear sons", she lamented. Last updated 8 March 2019. Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. Victoria was love-struck. 164–166, Hibbert, pp. [125] The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. [52] When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking [sic] alternative". Victoria, in full Alexandrina Victoria, (born May 24, 1819, Kensington Palace, London, England—died January 22, 1901, Osborne, near Cowes, Isle of Wight), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). [170] She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. She was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Elizabeth was born in her grandparents' home at 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, London on 21 April 1926. Queen Victoria by Sir Sidney Lee, unknown edition, Hooray! [15] William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heir presumptive. Lehzen had been a formative influence on Victoria[66] and had supported her against the Kensington System. Her emergence was largely due to Benjamin DISRAELI, who with William GLADSTONE dominated politics in the latter part of her reign. Several months later Victoria's Uncle King William IV died and she became Queen at the age of 18. "[32] Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again. [26] According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. 366, 372, 434, Potts and Potts, pp. Though a constitutional monarch, privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality. The 19th Century was a time of unprecedented expansion for Britain in term of both industry and Empire. 196–197; St Aubyn, p. 223; Woodham-Smith, pp.
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