Later, recreational areas of NKVD/KGB were established there. [78][79] His 3 March 1959 note to Nikita Khrushchev, with information about the execution of 21,857 Poles and with the proposal to destroy their personal files, became one of the documents that was preserved and eventually made public.[78][79][80][81]. [16], Kozelsk and Starobelsk were used mainly for military officers, while Ostashkov was used mainly for Polish Scouting, gendarmes, police officers, and prison officers. 159", launched in the 1990s to investigate the Soviet-era mass killings of Polish officers. La diffusion de Katyń en France est effectivement limitée à quelques très rares cinémas de quartier, dans de toutes petites salles. Russia revives a vicious lie", "Wyrok Trybunału w Strasburgu ws. [20], In the Soviet Union during the 1950s, the head of KGB, Alexander Shelepin, proposed and carried out the destruction of many documents related to the Katyn massacre to minimize the chance the truth would be revealed. About 16,000 to 20,000 POWs died in those camps due to communicable diseases. Coordinates: 54°46′20″N 31°47′24″E / 54.77222°N 31.79000°E / 54.77222; 31.79000.
[87], In 1991, the Chief Military Prosecutor for the Soviet Union began proceedings against Pyotr Soprunenko for his role in the Katyn killings, but eventually declined to prosecute because Soprunenko was 83, almost blind, and recovering from a cancer operation. [5], The Soviet invasion of Poland began on 17 September, in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Since Poland's conscription system required every nonexempt university graduate to become a military reserve officer,[11] the NKVD was able to round up a significant portion of the Polish educated class as prisoners of war. Il est projeté à Moscou en octobre 2007[3]. [7][10], Soviet repressions of Polish citizens occurred as well over this period. [7] The 25,000 soldiers and non-commissioned officers were assigned to forced labor (road construction, heavy metallurgy). Several visitors scaled the fence of a nearby KGB compound and left burning candles on the grounds. [59] Churchill asked Owen O'Malley to investigate the issue, but in a note to the Foreign Secretary he noted: "All this is merely to ascertain the facts, because we should none of us ever speak a word about it. Chaque semaine, un contrepoint historique de l'actualité, anniversaires, récits, devinettes : Gratuit et vous pouvez vous désabonner à tout moment, découverte d'un charnier dans la forêt de Katyn, 11 novembre 1918 : Pilsudski proclame la République. [99] On 8 May 2010, Russia handed over to Poland 67 volumes from "criminal case No.
(2007). However, after the war, when Poland fell under Soviet influence, the truth about the event was suppressed by the Soviet authorities, who maintained an official line throughout the Eastern Bloc that the massacre was committed by the Germans. Le film sera toutefois diffusé par la télévision sur Arte le 14 avril 2011[réf. That episode is one that is going to cause us quite a little trouble in the future. Katyn de Andrzej Wajda y nuestra guerra civil, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katyń_(film)&oldid=984740089, World War II films based on actual events, Films about the Soviet Union in the Stalin era, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Wiktoria Gąsiewska, as Weronika ("Nika"), daughter of Andrzej and Anna, Saubhik Ghosh. [51], When Joseph Goebbels was informed in September 1943 that the German Army had to withdraw from the Katyn area, he wrote a prediction in his diary. [100] In November 2010, the Russian State Duma admitted in an official declaration that Joseph Stalin and Soviet officials ordered the Soviet NKVD secret police under Lavrentiy Beria to commit the massacres. [20][21] According to NKVD reports, if a prisoner could not be induced to adopt a pro-Soviet attitude, he was declared a "hardened and uncompromising enemy of Soviet authority". View production, box office, & company info. Discover what to watch this November including a Marvel docu-series, a '90s reboot, and a Star Wars holiday celebration. Le film obtient un succès important dans le pays, terminant à la 2e place du box-office annuel[2]. In an interview with a Polish newspaper, Vladimir Putin called Katyn a "political crime". La critique du Monde est donc prisonnière de ce dogme, alors que Wajda le défie. vous recommande la page : There, the Germans carry out Sonderaktion Krakau, shutting down Jagiellonian University and deporting professors to concentration camps.
In the early 1810s, Poles, part of Russia's client state of Lithuania, think independence will come if they join forces with Napoleon when he invades Russia. [85] The day was declared a worldwide Katyn Memorial Day (Polish: Światowy Dzień Pamięci Ofiar Katynia). [77] In 1981, Polish trade union Solidarity erected a memorial with the simple inscription "Katyn, 1940". Le film nous présente le massacre de Katyń du point de vue des vivants, c'est-à-dire du point de vue des épouses et des mères qui ont attendu des années avant de savoir ce qu'étaient devenus les officiers polonais arrêtés par l'armée soviétique en 1940.
Andrzej's name is not on the list, giving his wife and daughter hope. Film magnifique, la portée de l’œuvre de Wajda (dont le père mourut dans ce massacre de Katyn) dépasse largement le simple événement cinématographique. Despite being in love with a Ukrainian boy from the same village, Polish girl named Zosia is forced into marrying a wealthy widower. Victor Zaslavsky, Le massacre de Katyn; Victor Zaslavsky, Klassensäuberung.
Therefore, they decided the prisoners inside the "special camps" were to be shot as "avowed enemies of Soviet authority". The events of Katyn are relayed through the eyes of the women, the mothers, wives, and daughters of the victims executed on Stalin's orders by the NKVD in 1940. As WWII and the German occupation ends, the Polish resistance and the Russian forces turn on each other in an attempt to take over leadership in Communist Poland. Józef Mackiewicz has published several texts about the crime.
Les Allemands découvrent en partie les charniers de Katyn en 1941 et de façon plus complète en 1943. Avec : Maja Ostaszewska, Artur Zmijewski, Andrzej Chyra However, a few daring people working with the effects of the victims eventually deliver Andrzej's diary to his widow Anna. The Führer has also given permission for us to hand out a drastic news item to the German press. The declaration also called for the massacre to be investigated further to confirm the list of victims. For this he was spared execution and was given 15 years of hard labor.
It is critical, if we are to emerge as a humane people, that the unknown and faceless multitudes of both victims and their oppressors and killers, be reveled. Katyn was a forbidden topic in postwar Poland. Robert Harris' 1995 novel Enigma (subsequently made into a 2001 film) featured the discovery of the Katyn massacre as a central plot point.
Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, ce tragique événement historique est un cadavre dans le placard de la gauche française, si longtemps indulgente à l'égard du Grand Linguiste, Joseph Staline[13]. The declared admissible two complaints from relatives of the massacre victims against Russia regarding adequacy of the official investigation. The victims were murdered in the Katyn forest, Kalinin (Tver) and Kharkiv prisons, and elsewhere.
The 1999 Academy Honorary Award recipient, Polish film director Andrzej Wajda , whose father Captain Jakub Wajda was killed in the NKVD prison of Kharkiv, made a film depicting the event, Katyń (2007). Donald B. Stewart and Col. John H. Van Vliet—to Katyn for an international news conference.
Polish officials believe this footage, as well as further documents showing cooperation of Soviets with the Gestapo during the operations, are the reason for Russia's decision to classify most of the documents about the massacre. I am convinced of this by the very fact that I was able to travel here. Il est programmé sur Arte les 14 et 20 avril 2011[10]. About 8,000 were officers taken prisoner during the Soviet 1939 invasion of Poland, the rest being Poles arrested for allegedly being "intelligence agents, gendarmes, spies, saboteurs, landowners, factory owners, lawyers, priests, and officials. [20][76], In Poland, the pro-Soviet authorities following the Soviet occupation after the war covered up the matter in accordance with the official Soviet propaganda line, deliberately censoring any sources that might provide information about the crime. In 1943 the Germans capture this area and find the mass graves. Anna is happy that Andrzej is not in any of the Katyn lists, which gives her some hope. It is based on the book Post Mortem: The Story of Katyn by Andrzej Mularczyk. [53] NKVD operatives Vsevolod Merkulov and Sergei Kruglov issued a preliminary report, dated 10–11 January 1944, that concluded the Polish officers were shot by German soldiers. [34], Some 3,000 to 4,000 Polish inmates of Ukrainian prisons and those from Belarus prisons were probably buried in Bykivnia and in Kurapaty respectively,[35][36] about 50 women among them. People from the Kozelsk camp were executed in Katyn Forest; people from the Starobelsk camp were killed in the inner NKVD prison of Kharkiv and the bodies were buried near the village of Piatykhatky; and police officers from the Ostashkov camp were killed in the internal NKVD prison of Kalinin (Tver) and buried in Mednoye. [52], In January 1944, the Soviet Union sent another commission, the Extraordinary State Commission for ascertaining and investigating crimes perpetrated by the German-Fascist invaders to the site; the commission's name implied a predestined conclusion. An estimated minimum of 3 million Poles were killed by the Stalinist regime; but as Stalin observed "When one person dies it's a tragedy; when a million people die it's a statistic". En 2007, le grand cinéaste polonais Andrzej Wajda (82 ans) a tiré un film témoignage de ce drame dont son propre père a été l'une des victimes. Ce film est sorti en France, en avril 2009, dans un petit nombre de salles.